Short History of Pittsburgh — Intellectual - Chapter 11

XI

And so my little story of Pittsburgh comes to an end.

It is the story of a great achievement in the building of a city, and the development of a community within its boundaries.

I have sometimes heard a sneer at Pittsburgh as a place where undigested wealth is paramount.

I have never beheld the city in that character.

On the contrary, I have, on frequent occasions, seen the assemblage of men native here where a goodly section of the brain and power of the nation was represented.

There is much wealth here, but the dominant spirit of those who have it is not a spirit of pride and luxury and arrogance.

There is much poverty here, but it is the poverty of hope which effort and opportunity will transform into affluence.

And especially is there here a spirit of good fellowship, of help one to another, and of pride in the progress of the intellectual life.

And with all of these comes a growth toward the best civic character which in its aggregate expression is probably like unto the old Prophet's idea of that righteousness which exalteth a nation.

[Illustration: Phipps Conservatory, Schenley Park] INDEX

Adams, Gabriel, Mayor, 51 Alexander, John W. , 91, 106 Allegheny, made county-seat, 40;

county-seat changed to Pittsburgh, 40;

annexed to Pittsburgh, 52 Allegheny Cemetery, 90 Allegheny County, erection of, 40;

iron and steel products of, 84 Allegheny Observatory, 84, 99 Allegheny River improved, 82 Allegheny Theological Seminary, 102 Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, 71, 78 Amherst, General, captures Fort Frontenac, 29 Anderson, Edwin H. , 91 Archer, Frederick, 94 Archer, William, 100 Armstrong, Colonel, raises English flag over Fort Duquesne, 29 Artists, list of, 106 Astronomical Observatory, 91, 106 Authors, list of, 112 Ball, Sir Robert S. , 96 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, 49, 60, 81 Barker, Joseph, Mayor, 51 Baron, Father, 29 Beatty, John W. , 92, 108 Beatty, Rev. Mr. , 29 Beaujeu, Captain, attacks Braddock's army, 22;

killed, 23 Bell, C. F.

Moberly, 96 Benedite, Leonce, 95 Bennett, Frank M. , 120 Biddle, Nicholas, 121 Bingham, William, Mayor, 51 Black, John, 121 Blackmore, James, Mayor, 52 Blair, Francis P. , 55 Blair, Thomas S. , 121 "Blockhouse," built by Bouquet, 34;

occupied by Dr. John Connelly, 37;

used by Colonial troops in Revolution, 37 Boggs, Martha Fry, 121 Bouquet, Colonel Henry, builds "Blockhouse," 34;

leads army at Battle of Bushy Run, 35 Brackenridge, Henry M. , 112 Brackenridge, Hugh Henry, 112 Braddock, General Edward, marches upon Fort Duquesne, 21;

wounded in battle, 24;

his army defeated, 24;

death of, 25 Braddock's defeat, effect of on Colonies, 25 Brashear, John A. , 85 Breckinridge, John C. , 57 Broadhead, Colonel, 38 Brown, A. M.

, Recorder, 52 Brown, Joseph, 70 Brown, J. O.

, Recorder, 52 Brown, Marshall, 120 Brown, William Harvey, 118 Brush, Jared M. , Mayor, 52 Bryce, Right Honorable James, 95 Buchanan, James, 57 Burgoyne, Arthur G. , 113 Burleigh, William H. , 121 Burt, Andrew, 118 Bushy Run, Battle of, 35 Caldwell, John, 94 Calvary Cemetery, 90 Campbell, Alexander, 117 Campbell, Bartley, 114 Carhart, Daniel, 116 Carnegie, Andrew, 85, 96, 106, 110 Carnegie Institute, 91, 99 Carnegie Steel Company, 71, 77 Carnegie Technical Schools, 91, 94 Cassatt, Alexander Johnston, 85 Cassatt, Mary, 106 Cather, Willa Sibert, 118 Celeron, Louis, 16 Charitable institutions, 103 Chatham, Earl of (William Pitt), 25, 29, 37 Church, Samuel, 83 Church, Samuel Harden, 94, 114, 121 Civil War, 53 Clarke, Thomas S. , 123 Clay, Henry, visits Pittsburgh, 58 Cleveland, Grover, 95 Coffin, William A. , 108 Collins annexed to Pittsburgh, 52 Collins, Jane S. , 121 Composers, list of, 106 Constant, Baron d'Estournelles de, 95 Constitutional Convention, 53 Contrecoeur, Captain, visited by Washington, 17;

his reply received by English, 19;

captures fort at Pittsburgh and names it Fort Duquesne, 20 Conway, Logan, 118 Conway, William B. , 121 Copley, Josiah, 118 Country Club, 90 Court-house, architect of, 103;

cost of, 103 Craig, Neville B. , 113 Cranston, Sir Robert, 96 Craver, Harrison W. , 92 Dalzell, John, 108 Darlington, W. M.

, 113 Darragh, John, Mayor, 51 Daughters of American Revolution, 34 Davis Island Dam, 82 Dayton, William L. , 57 Defiance, Fort, built by General Wayne, 42 Deland, Margaretta Wade, 120 Denny, Ebenezer, Mayor, 51 Denny, Governor, 29 Dickens, Charles, visits Pittsburgh, 58 Dickhuth, Colonel Gustav, 96 Diehl, William J. , Mayor, 52 Dinwiddie, Governor, sends Washington to Pittsburgh, 14 Donnelly, H. G.

, 114 Doumer, Paul, 95 Duckwell, E. W.

, 117 Dunfermline, 28 Dunmore, Governor, opens land office in Pittsburgh, 35 Duquesne, Fort, built and named by French, 20;

captured by English, 29;

blown up and burned by French, 29;

taken possession of by English, 29;

name changed to Fort Pitt, 29 East Liberty Academy, 102 Ecuyer, Simon, leads attack on Fort Pitt, 35 Elgar, Sir Edward, 96 Emancipation Proclamation, 53 England, war with France, 15 Enlart, Camille, 95 Fang, Wu Ting, 95 Farragut, Admiral, visits Pittsburgh, 58 Fleishman, S. L.

, 120 Forbes, General, captures Fort Duquesne, 14;

names captured fort Pittsburgh, 14, 29;

his letter to Pitt announcing capture and renaming of Fort Duquesne, 29 Ford, Henry J. , 118 Ford, Henry P. , Mayor, 52 Foster, J. Heron, 116 Foster, Stephen C. , 106 Founder's Day, 95 France, war with England, 15 Franklin, Benjamin, 21 Fremont, John C. , 57 French Revolution, 43 Frew, William N. , 94 Frick, Henry C. , 72, 76, 77, 85 Frontenac, Fort, captured by General Amherst, 29 Fulton, Andrew, Mayor, 52 Gilder, Richard Watson, 95 Gist, Christopher, accompanies Washington to Pittsburgh, 14;

hardships of journey to Fort Leboeuff, 17, 18, 19;

saves Washington from drowning, 19 Gleim School, 102 Goff, Milton B. , 118 Gourley, Henry I. , Mayor, 52 Grant, General U. S.

, visits Pittsburgh, 58 Grant, Major, defeated at Grant's Hill and killed, 28 Great Meadows, Battle of, 20 Greeley, Horace, 55, 56, 57 Greensburg, 40 Guthrie, George W. , Mayor, 52 Guthrie, John B. , Mayor, 51 Guthrie, P. N.

, 70 Guyesuta, 17 Hailman, Johanna Woodwell, 108 Hall of Botany, 102 Halpin, W. R.

, 113 Hamerschlag, Arthur A. , 94 Hancock, John, 38 Hand, General Edward, plans expedition against Indians, 38 Hay, Alexander, Mayor, 51 Hays, W. B.

, Recorder and Mayor, 52 Heinz Company, 84 Herbert, Victor, 94 Herron Hill Reservoir, 105 Herron, John, Mayor, 51 Herr's Island, 19 Hetzel, George, 108 Highland Park, 90 Hill, Francis, 117 Hodges, George, 116 Holland, W. J.

, 94, 110 Homestead Steel Works, 68 Homestead strike, 71 Homewood Cemetery, 90 Hopkins, Anderson H. , 91 Hospitals, 103 Howard, William J. , Mayor, 51 Hunter, Stephen A. , 116 Ihne, Ernst von, 96 Indians cede land about Pittsburgh to Colonies, 35 Irvine, General William, placed in command of Fort Pitt, 39 Irwin, William W. , Mayor, 51 Jackson, George N. , 56 Jefferson, Joseph, 95 Jillson, Benjamin Cutler, 116 Johns, Clarence M. , 108 Johnson, President, visits Pittsburgh, 58 Johnston, Governor, visits Pittsburgh, 58 Johnston, William G. , 121 Johnstown Flood, 58 Jumonville, death of, 20 Keeler, James E. , 120 Kensington Iron Works, 83 Kerr, William, Mayor, 51 Keyashuta, Indian chief, 17 Killikelly, Sarah H. , 113 King, John A. , 55 Kirk, Ella Boyce, 120 Knox, Philander C. , 108 Koser, Reinhold, 96 Kossuth, Louis, visits Pittsburgh, 58 Lady of Mercy Academy, 102 Lafayette, Fort, built, 42 Lafayette, General, visits Pittsburgh, 58 Lambing, A. A.

, 117 Langley, Samuel P. , 113 Lawman, Jaspar, 108 Lawrenceville annexed to Pittsburgh, 52 Leboeuff, Fort, 17 Leisser, Martin B. , 108 Lexington, Battle of, 37 Liberty annexed to Pittsburgh, 52 Liddell, Robert, Mayor, 52 Ligneris, Captain, surrenders Fort Duquesne, 29 Lincoln, Abraham, visits Pittsburgh, 58 Lincoln, John L. , 117 Lincoln, W. L.

, 117 Little, William, Mayor, 51 Loewenfeld, His Excellency Lieutenant General Alfred von, 95 Logstown, storehouses built by Ohio Company, 16;

captured by French, 16 Louisburg, capture of, 28 Lowrie, Walter B. , Mayor, 51 Lowry, James, Mayor, 51 Lyon, Robert W. , Mayor, 52 "Maarten Maartens," 96 Macbeth, George A. , 94 Macbeth, James Currie, 96 Mackay, W. G.

, 116 Magee, C. L.

, 102 Mail route to Philadelphia established, 40 Mansfield, Robert, 114 Mantel, Robert, 114 Mayflower, landing of, 53 McCallin, William, Mayor, 52 McCarthy, William C. , Mayor, 52 McCarthy, W. L.

, Mayor, 52 McClintock, Jonas R. , Mayor, 51 McConway, William, 95 McCook, Henry C. , 118 McCormick, Samuel Black, 99 McCrea, James, 78 McKenna, Bernard, Mayor, 52 McKinley, William, 95 McKnight, Charles, 118 Mellon, Joseph, 118 Mellor, Charles C. , 94 Metcalf, William, 121 Miller, Henry A. , 118 Milton, John, 120 Mitchell, P. Chalmers, 107 Monongahela River improved, 83 Monroe, President, visited Pittsburgh, 58 Montcalm, death of, 31 Moretti, Eleanor, 114 Morgan, Colonel George, 38 Morley, John, 95 Murray, Magnus M. , Mayor, 51 Necessity, Fort, built by Washington, 21;

captured by French, 21 Neville, Morgan, 120 Nevin, Adelaide M. , 116 Nevin, Ethelbert, 106 Nevin, Robert P. , 113, 116 Newspapers, list of, 40, 113 New York Central Lines, 60, 81 Niagara, Fort, fall of, 31 Nixon Theater, 103 Oakland annexed to Pittsburgh, 52 O'Hara, James, 84 Ohio & Pennsylvania Railroad, 49 Ohio Company formed, 16 Osgood, Lucius, 118 Parke, J. E.

, 118 Paur, Emil, 94 Pearson, A. L.

, 63 Peebles annexed to Pittsburgh, 52 Penn family, purchased Pittsburgh region from Indians, 39;

their title annulled, 39 Pennsylvania, dispute with Virginia settled, 40 Pennsylvania and Ohio R. R.

Co. incorporated, 48 Pennsylvania Canal, proposed, 47;

construction authorized, 47;

canal completed, 48;

termini of, 48;

portage railroad, 48;

cost, 48;

sold to Pennsylvania Railroad Company, 48;

abandoned, 49 Pennsylvania College for Women, 102 Pennsylvania Railroad Company, 48, 49, 60, 81, 85 Pennsylvania, Western University of.

See University of Pittsburgh Pettigrew, Samuel, Mayor, 51 Phipps Conservatory, 102 Phipps, Henry, 85, 102, 106 Pier, Arthur Stanwood, 118 Pinkerton, Robert A. , 76 Pitcairn, Robert, 94 Pitt annexed to Pittsburgh, 52 Pitt, Fort, building of first fort, 30;

building of second fort, 31;

abandoned, 36;

mutiny at, 39;

General William Irvine put in command, 39;

first court held, 40 Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham, 25, 29, 37 Pittsburgh, site selected for fort, 13, 14;

site claimed by Virginia, 14;

said to have been named by Washington, 14;

French attempt to make settlement, 16;

explored by Louis Celeron, 16;

Washington's first impressions of, 17;

first permanent white settlement, 20;

captured by Contrecoeur, 20;

named Fort Duquesne, 20;

captured from French by English, 29;

name changed to Pittsburgh, 29;

first Fort Pitt built, 30;

second Fort Pitt built, 31;

attacked by Indians under Simon Ecuyer, 35;

land ceded to Colonies by Indians,35;

land office opened, 35;

made county seat, 40;

first court held, 40;

ducking-stool erected, 40;

size of in 1786, 40;

mail route to Philadelphia established, 40;

new fort built and named Fort Lafayette, 42;

town laid out, 50;

incorporated as a borough, 50;

chartered as a city, 50;

new charter adopted in 1887, 50;

"Ripper" charter adopted, 50;

list of mayors, 51;

first Republican Convention, 53;

distinguished visitors, 58;

great fire, 58;

railroad riots, 59;

consolidation of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, 52;

present population, 79, 81;

tonnage compared with other cities, 82;

surrounded by rich coal and gas fields, 83;

imports in 1907, 83;

manufacture of iron begun, 83;

iron and steel statistics, 83, 84, 86;

value of various products, 84;

first glass works built, 84;

rank as a glass-producing center, 84;

as a banking center, 85;

tax valuation of property, 86;

public buildings, 103;

hospitals, 103;

charitable institutions, 103;

water supply, 105 Pittsburgh Academy, 41, 98, 102 Pittsburgh and Connellsville Railroad, 49 Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Canal, 81 Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad, 49 Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, 49 Pittsburgh Country Club, 90 Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad, 49 Pittsburgh Harbor, 82 Pittsburgh Orchestra, 94, 106 Pittsburgh riots, 59 Pittsburgh, University of, 41, 98 Plimpton, Thomas B. , 118 Pontiac plans attack on whites, 34 Poole, Eugene A. , 108 Poorten-Schwartz, Joost Marius Willem van der ("Maarten Maartens"), 96 Preece, Sir William Henry, 96 Quebec, fall of, 31 Realf, Richard, 117 Rebellion, War of, 53 Reed, James H. , 94 Reese, Cara, 118 Reformed Presbyterian Theological Seminary, 102 Reid, Whitelaw, 95 Reinhart, Charles Stanley, 106 Republican Association, 54 Republican Party, founding of, 52;

first Convention, 55;

first candidates, 57 Rhys, John, 96 Richardson, H. H.

, 103 Riddle, Robert M. , Mayor, 51 Rinehart, Mary Roberts, 114 "Ripper" charter, 50 Riverview Park, 90 Roberts, E. S.

, 96 Roberts, Thomas P. , 121 Robertson, William, 96 Ross, John, 96 St. Clair, General Arthur, sent against Indians, 42;

defeated, 42 Sassoonan, 16 Sawyer, B. C.

, Mayor, 51 Schaper, Fritz, 96 Schenley, Mrs. Mary, 106 Schenley Park, 90, 91 Scott, Walter, 116 Seibel, George, 114 Semple, Samuel, 35 Seward, William H. , Secretary of State, visits Pittsburgh, 58 Sheedy, Morgan M. , 116 Shiras, Charles R. , 114 Singer, William H. , 108 Siviter, Anna Pierpont, 121 Slavery, introduction into United States, 53;

abolished, 53 Sloane, William H. , 110 Smith, Lee S. , 117 Snowden, John M. , Mayor, 51 Stanwix, General, builds new Fort Pitt, 31 Stead, William T. , 107 Stuart-Mitchell School, 102 Swank, James M. , 117 Swinderen, R. de Marees van, 96 Swisshelm, Jane Grey, 121 Tanner, Henry O. , 108 Tassey, John, 121 Taylor, President, visits Pittsburgh, 58 Thaw, William, 106 Thomson, James, Mayor, 51 Thurmston, Cora, 121 Thurston School, 102 Ticonderoga, capture of, 28 Trent, Captain William, established first permanent white settlement in Pittsburgh, 20 Truax, Sarah, 114 Turtle Creek, 19 Uniontown, fort at, 21 United States Steel Corporation, 85 University of Pittsburgh, 41, 98 Ursuline Young Ladies' Academy, 102 Van Noppen, L. C.

, 120 Venango, 18 Verder, Emily E. , 121 Virginia, claims site of Pittsburgh, 14;

sends Washington to retake Fort Duquesne, 20;

dispute with Pennsylvania settled, 40 Volz, Ferdinand E. , Mayor, 51 Vondel, 120 Wabash R. R.

Co. , 49, 74 Wade, Annie, 121 Wales, Prince of, visits Pittsburgh, 58 Wall, A. Bryan, 108 Wall, Albert S. , 108 Washington, George, the first Pittsburgher, 13;

first visits Pittsburgh, 13, 17;

his visits to Pittsburgh, 13, 14, 17, 35;

said to have named Pittsburgh, 14;

first impressions of site of Pittsburgh, 17;

hardships of journey to Fort Leboeuff, 17, 18, 19;

shot at by his Indian guide, 19;

saved from drowning by Gist, 19;

sent to retake Fort Duquesne, 20;

directs the retreat of Braddock's army, 24;

commands militia at Fort Duquesne, 28;

last visit to Pittsburgh, 35;

warns General St. Clair against Indians, 42;

sends army to suppress whisky insurrection, 44 Wayne, Fort, built by General Wayne, 42 Wayne, General Anthony, sent against Indians, 42;

builds Fort Defiance and Fort Wayne, 42;

defeats Indians, 42 Weaver, Henry A. , Mayor, 51 Webster, Daniel, visits Pittsburgh, 58 Weeks, Joseph D. , 117 Welles, Gideon, Secretary of Navy, visits Pittsburgh, 58 Western Theological Seminary, 102 Western University of Pennsylvania.

See University of Pittsburgh Westinghouse Company, 85 Westinghouse, George, 85 Whisky insurrection, 42 William II, Emperor of Germany, 101 Wilson, Erasmus, 113 Wilson, George, Mayor, 51 Wolfe, death of, 31 Woodwell, Joseph R. , 108 Zooelogical garden, 102 Transcriber's notes: Page 30 (026. png) - Left spelling of Missisippi as is in quoted letter Index (026. png) - Corrected spelling of Breckinridge, John C. to match correct spelling as in text (based on Internet search) The name Rhys appears once in the text and once in the Index.

In the print copy, there is a carat over the y which is not included in this version.

The name Contrecoeur appears throughout the text with an oe ligature which is removed for this version.

Similarly OEdipus appears once herein without the OE ligature.

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