Gossip in a Library — Chapter 26

THE SHAVING OF SHAGPAT.

_An Arabian Entertainment.

By George Meredith.

Chapman and Hall_.

1856. It is nearly forty years since I first heard of _The Shaving of Shagpat_.

I was newly come, in all my callow ardour, into the covenant of Art and Letters, and I was moving about, still bewildered, in a new world.

In this new world, one afternoon, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, standing in front of his easel, remarked to all present whom it should concern, that _The Shaving of Shagpat_ was a book which Shakespeare might have been glad to write.

I now understand that in the warm Rossetti-language this did not mean that there was anything specially reminiscent of the Bard of Avon in this book, but simply that it was a monstrous fine production, and worthy of all attention.

But at the time I expected, from such a title, something in the way of a belated _Midsummer Night's Dream_ or _Love's Labour's Lost_.

I was fully persuaded that it must be a comedy, and as the book even then was rare, and as I was long pursuing the loan of it, I got this dramatic notion upon my mind, and to this day do still clumsily connect it with the idea of Shakespeare.

But in truth _The Shaving of Shagpat_ has no other analogy with those plays, which Bacon would have written if he had been so plaguily occupied, than that it is excellent in quality and of the finest literary flavour.

The ordinary small collection of rarities has no room for three-volume novels, those signs-manual of our British dulness and crafty disdain for literature.

One or two of these _simulacra_, these sham-semblances of books, I possess, because honoured friends have given them to me; even so, I would value the gift more in the decency of a single volume.

The dear little duodecimos of the last century, of course, are welcome in a library.

That was a happy day, when by the discovery of a _Ferdinand Count Fathom_, I completed my set of Smollett in the original fifteen volumes.

But after the first generation of novelists, the sham system began to creep in.

With Fanny Burney, novels grow too bulky, and it is a question whether even Scott or Jane Austen should be possessed in the original form.

Of the moderns, only Thackeray is bibliographically desirable.

Hence even of Mr. George Meredith's fiction I make no effort to possess first editions; yet _The Shaving of Shagpat_ is an exception.

I toiled long to secure it, and, now that I hold it, may its modest vermilion cover shine always like a lamp upon my shelves!

It is not fiction to a bibliophile; it is worthy of all the honour done to verse.

Within the last ten years of his life we had the great pleasure of seeing tardy justice done at length to the genius of Mr. George Meredith.

I like to think that, after a long and noble struggle against the inattention of the public, after the pouring of high music for two generations into ears whose owners seemed to have wilfully sealed them with wax, so that only the most staccato and least happy notes ever reached their dulness, George Meredith did, before the age of seventy, reap a little of his reward.

I am told that the movement in favour of him began in America; if so, more praise to American readers, who had to teach us to appreciate De Quincey and Praed before we knew the value of those men.

Yet is there much to do.

Had George Meredith been a Frenchman, what monographs had ere this been called forth by his work; in Germany, or Italy, or Denmark even, such gifts as his would long ago have found their classic place above further discussion.

But England is a Gallio, and in defiance of Mr. Le Gallienne, cares little for the things of literature.

If a final criticism of George Meredith existed, where in it would _The Shaving of Shagpat_ find its place?

There is fear that in competition with the series of analytical studies of modern life that stretches from _The Ordeal of Richard Feverel_ to _One of our Conquerors_, it might chance to be pushed away with a few lines of praise.

Now, I would not seem so paradoxical as to say that when an extravaganza is held up to me in one hand, and a masterpiece of morality like _The Egoist_ in the other, I can doubt which is the greater book; but there are moods in which I am jealous of the novels, and wish to be left alone with my _Arabian Entertainment_.

Delicious in this harsh world of reality to fold a mist around us, and out of it to evolve the yellow domes and black cypresses, the silver fountains and marble pillars, of the fabulous city of Shagpat.

I do not know any later book than _The Shaving_ in which an Englishman has allowed his fancy, untrammelled by any sort of moral or intellectual subterfuge, to go a-roaming by the light of the moon.

We do this sort of thing no longer.

We are wholly given up to realism, we are harshly pressed upon on all sides by the importunities of excess of knowledge.

If we talk of gryphons, the zoologists are upon us; of Oolb or Aklis, the geographers flourish their maps at us in defiance.

But the author of _The Shaving of Shagpat_, in the bloom of his happy youthful genius, defied all this pedantry.

In a little address which has been suppressed in later editions he said (December 8, 1855) "It has seemed to me that the only way to tell an Arabian Story was by imitating the style and manner of the Oriental Story-tellers.

But such an attempt, whether successful or not, may read like a translation.

I

therefore think it better to prelude this Entertainment by an avowal that it springs from no Eastern source, and is in every respect an original Work."

If one reader of _The Shaving of Shagpat_ were to confess the truth he would say that to him at least the other, the genuine Oriental tales, appear the imitation, and not a very good imitation.

The true genius of the East breathes in Meredith's pages, and the _Arabian Nights_, at all events in the crude literality of Sir Richard Burton, pale before them like a mirage.

The variety of scenes and images, the untiring evolution of plot, the kaleidoscopic shifting of harmonious colours, all these seem of the very essence of Arabia, and to coil directly from some bottle of a genie.

Ah!

what a bottle!

As we whirl along in the vast and glowing bacchanal, we cry, like Sganarelle: _Qu'ils sont doux-- Bouteille jolie-- Qu'ils sont doux Vos petits glou-glous;

Ah!

Bouteille, ma mie;

Pourquoi vous videz-vous?

_ Ah!

why indeed?

For _The Shaving of Shagpat_ is one of those very rare modern books of which it is certain that they are too short, and even our excitement at the Mastery of the Event is tamed by a sense that the show is closing, and that Shibli Bagarag has been too promptly successful in smiting through the Identical.

But perhaps of all gifts there is none more rare than this of clearing the board and leaving the reader still hungry.

Who shall say, in dealing with such a book, what passage in it is best or worst?

Either the fancy, carried away utterly captive, follows the poet whither he will, or the whole conception is a failure.

Perhaps, after the elemental splendour and storm of the final scene, what clings most to the memory is how Shibli Bagarag, hard beset in the Cave of Chrysolites, touched the great lion with the broken sapphire hair of Garraveen; or again, how on the black coast of the enchanted sea, wandering by moonlight, he found the sacred Lily, and tore it up, and lo!

its bulb was a palpitating heart of human flesh; or how Bhanavar called the unwilling serpents too often, and failed to win her beauty back, till, at an awful price she once more, and for the last time, contrived to call her body-guard of snakes hissing and screaming around her.

There is surely no modern book so unsullied as this is by the modern spirit, none in which the desire to teach a lesson, to refer knowingly to topics of the day, or worst of all, to be incontinently funny, interferes less with the tender magic of Oriental fancy, or with the childlike, earnest faith in what is utterly outside the limits of experience.

It belongs to that infancy of the world, when the happy guileless human being still holds that somewhere there is a flower to be plucked, a lamp to be rubbed, or a form of words to be spoken which will reverse the humdrum laws of Nature, call up unwilling spirits bound to incredible services, and change all this brown life of ours to scarlet and azure and mother-of-pearl.

Little by little, even our children are losing this happy gift of believing the incredible, and that class of writing which seems to require less effort than any other, and to be a mere spinning of gold thread out of the poet's inner consciousness, is less and less at command, and when executed gives less and less satisfaction.

The gnomes of Pope, the fays and "trilbys" of Nodier, even the fairy-world of Doyle, are breathed upon by a race that has grown up habituated to science.

But even for such a race it must be long before the sumptuous glow and rich triumphant humour of _The Shaving of Shagpat_ have lost all their attraction.

INDEX

ABBEY, Edwin A. _Abuses stript and whipt_ Akenside, Mark d'Alembert Alfoxden, Wordsworth at _All for Love_, Dryden's _Almahide_, Mlle.

de Scudéry's _Amasia_, John Hopkins' _Amazon Queen_, Weston's _Amboyna_, Dryden's Amory's _Life of John Buncle_, Thomas _Anthony_, Earl of Orrery's _Mr_.

_Arcadia_, Sidney's Ardelia (Lady Winchilsea)'s Poems Arnauld, Antoine Arnold, Matthew _Artamenes_, La Calprenède's _Astrée_, D'Urfé's d'Aurevilly, Barbey Austen, Jane _Autobiography_ of Leigh Hunt Avison, Charles BACON, Lord Baldwin, William _Ballad of the Book Hunter_, Lang's Balzac, Honoré de Bancroft's _Sertorius_ Banks, Sir Joseph Barnacle Goose Tree, The Barrington, Hon. Daines Bayle Beaumont, _Peter Bell_ and Sir George Behn, Mrs. Aphra Bell, _Professor_ Thomas, _Benjamin the Waggoner_ Blener Hasset, Thomas Boccaccio Boethius Boileau, Nicolas, Boisrobert, François Boitard, Louis Bossuet, Jacques Boswell, James Bouilhet, Louis _Boxiana_, Egan's Boyle's _Parthenissa_ Bradshaw, Library of Henry _Britannia_, Brooke's _Discovery of Errors in_, _Britannia_, Camden's _British Princes_, Howard's Brooke, Christopher Brooke, Ralph Browne, Sir Thomas Browne, William Browning, Robert Brummell, Beau Brunfelcius, Otto _Buncle_, Amory's _Life of John_ Burger's _Lenore_ Burke, Edmund Barney, Dr. Burney, Fanny Burton, Sir Richard Byron CALLIMACHUS

Calprenède, La Cambridge described by Camden Camden's _Britannia_ Campbell, J. Dykes Campion, Thomas Carew, Thomas Carlisle's _Fortune Hunters_ _Carnival_, Porter's _Cassandra_, La Calprenède's Cats Caylus, Count Chandler, Dr. Chapelain Charles I. _Cherwell Water-Lily_, Faber's _The_ Church, Dean Cibber, Theophilus _Citizen of the World_, Goldsmith's _Clélie_, La Calprenède's _Cleomina_, Eliza Haywood's _Secret History of_ _Cleopatra_, La Calprenède's Cleveland, Duchess of Coleridge, S. T.

Collins, William Congreve, William _Constant Couple_, Farquhar's Corcoran, Peter, _i.

e_.

J.

H.

Reynolds Corneille, Pierre Corneille, Thomas Cornwall, Barry Cory, William, _see_ Johnson, William _Couches de L'Académie_, Furetière's Coventry, Rev. Francis Coventry, Henry Coypel, Drawings by Croker, J. W.

Cromwell, Oliver Crowne, John "Crusions" _Cyrus, Le Grand_ DARLINGTON, Earl of _David_, Smart's _Song to_ Davies of Hereford, John _Death's Duel_ De Boissat Defoe, Daniel Dennis, John De Quincey, Thomas Deshoulières, Mme.

Desmarais, Regnier De Tabley, Lord _Dialogues_, La Mothe le Vayer _Diary of a Lover of Literature_, Green's Dictionary, The Romance of a Dioscorides of Anazarba, D'Israeli, Isaac D'Israeli's _Coningsby_ Dobson, Mr. Austin Dodonaeus, Rembertus Donne, Dr. John Dryden, John Dryden, Funeral of _Dunciad_, Pope's Dupuy, Mlle.

D'Urfé's _Astrée_ "Dwale" (nightshade) EGANS'S _Boxiana_, Pierce _Egoist_, Meredith's _The_ _Elegy in Country Churchyard_, Gray's _England's Trust_, F. W.

Faber's _England's Trust_, Lord John Manners' _England's Worthies_, Winstanley's _English Ballads_, Lord John Manners' _English Poets_, Winstanley's _Lives of_ _Enquiry Concerning Virtue_, Shaftesbury's _Epistolary Poems_ of Charles Hopkins _Epsom Wells_, Shadwell's _Excursion_, Wordsworth's FABER, Frederick William _Fall of Princes_, Lydgate's _Fancy, The_, J. H.

Reynolds' Farmer, Dr. Farquhar, George _Fatal Friendship_, Trotter's _Feast of the Poets, The_ _Ferdinand Count Fathom_, Smollett's Ferrers, George Field, Barron Fielding, Henry Finch, Heneage (Earl of Winchilsea) Finch, Poems of Anne (Lady Winchilsea) FitzGerald, Edward _Fortune Hunters_, Carlisle's _The_ _Française, Histoire de l'Académie_ _Francion_, Sorel's Fuchsius, Leonard Furetière, Antoine _GARDEN of Florence_, Reynolds' Gardiner, Lord Chancellor Stephen Garrick, David Garth, Dr. _Gentleman's Magazine, The_ Gerard, John Gibbon, Edward Gibbons, Dr. (Physician) Gifford, William Gladstone, W. E.

Goldsmith, Oliver Gombreville Goose Tree, The Grafton, Isabella, Duchess of Gray, Thomas Green, Thomas Green's _Diary of a Lover of Literature_ Grierson, Professor Grundtvig, Bishop _Gulliver's Travels_, Swift HANMER, Sir Thomas Harrington's _Oceana_ Harvey, Rev. R.

Haslewood Hawkesworth, John Haywood, Eliza Hazlitt, William _Heliodorus_ Heraclitus _Herbal_, Gerard's ----, Henry Lyte's translation of Dodonaeus' ----, Dr. Priest's translation of Dodonaeus' Herrick, Robert Hesketh (Yorkshire botanist) _Hesperides_, Herrick's Hill, Aaron Hill, Dr. John _Hilliad_, Smart's _The_ _Histoire de l'Académie Française_ (The Hague Edn.

) _Historic Fancies_, Lord Strangford's Hoare, William Holland, Philémon _Hop Garden_, Smart's _The_ Hopkins, Charles Hopkins, Ezekiel, Bishop of Derry Hopkins, John Hove, F. H.

Van (Engraver) Howard, Hon. Edward _Humorous Lovers_, Duke of Newcastle's Hunt, Leigh Hurd, Dr. , Bishop of Worcester Hyde, Edward, Earl of Clarendon _IBRAHIM_, Mlle.

de Scudéry's _Idalia_, Eliza Haywood's _Ionica_, William Johnson's JAMES I

Jeffrey, Francis Jenyns, Soame Johnson, Dr. Samuel Johnson, Thomas (Botanist) Johnson, William Jonson, Ben Joyner, William Jusserand, J. J.

, _English Novel in the Time of Shakespeare_ KEATS, John King, Dr. Henry Kip, William LAMB, Charles Lang, Andrew La Rochefoucauld Lee, Nathaniel Le Gallienne, Mr. _Le Grand Cyrus_ _Lenore_, Burger's Lerpinière, Daniel _Les Chats_, Moncrif's Lesdiguières, Duchess of _Letters of Lord Chesterfield_ _Liberal, The_ Locker-Lampson, Frederick Lombard (Antiquary) Longueville, Mme.

de Louis XIV _Love and a Bottle_, Farquhar's _Love and Business_, Farquhar's _Love in Excess_, Eliza Haywood Loveday, Robert Lydgate's _Fall of Princes_ MAINE, Duchess of Manners, Lord John (_see_ Rutland, Duke of) Manship, Samuel Marot, Clément Marshalsea Prison Marvell, Andrew Mason, William Mazell, Peter (Engraver) _Memoirs of a Lady of Quality_ _Memoirs of Several Ladies of Great Britain_, Amory's Mentzelius, Christian Meredith's, _The Shaving of Shagpat_ Mézeray, François Milton, John _Mimnermus in Church_, Johnson's _Mirror for Magistrates, A_ Mitlord, John _Mithridates_, Lee's _Moll Flanders_, Defoe Moncrif, Augustin Paradis de Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley Moore's _Tom Crib_, Thomas Murray, John _NASH, Beau_ Newbery, Francis Newbery, John (Publisher) Newcastle's _Humorous Lovers_, Duke of Niccols, Richard Nichols, John Bowyer Nodier Norden, John Nottingham, Sonnet to the Earl of _OCEANA_, Harrington's Orford, Countess of (_Pompey the Little_) Orrery, Earl of Ortelius, Abraham Osborne, Dorothy Otten (Engraver) Otway, Thomas _PAMELA_, Richardson's _Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained_, Milton's _Parleying_, Brownings Parr, Dr. _Parthenissa_, Boyle's Payne, John, (line-engraver) Pellisson-Fontanier, Paul Pennant, Thomas Percy, Bishop of Dromore, Dr. Thomas _Peter Bell: A Tale in Verse_, Wordsworth's _Peter Bell; A Lyrical Ballad_, Hamilton's _Peter Bell the Third_, Shelley's Peter Corcoran _Pharamond_, La Calprenède's _Philémon to Hydaspes_, Coventry's Phillips, John Pindar, Peter Plays, A Volume of Old _Poems_ of Anne Finch (Lady Winchilsea) _Poems_ of Christopher Smart Poet in Prison, A (_The Shepheards Hunting_) Poets, A Censor of _Poets_, Winstanley's _Lives of English_ _Polexandre_, Gomberville's _Pompey the Little_, F. Coventry's Pope, Alexander Porter, Major Thomas Praed, W. Mackworth _Prelude_, Wordsworth's, _The_ Priest, Dr. _Pseudodoxia Epidemica_, Browne's _QUARTERLY Review, The_ Queensberry, Duchess of RABELAIS

Racine, Jean Radcliffe, Dr. John Raleigh, Sir Walter Randall, John Ravenscroft, Edward Reynolds' _Peter Bell_, John Hamilton ---- _The Fancy_ Richardson, Samuel Richelieu, Cardinal _Rimini_, Leigh Hunt's Robinson, Henry Crabb Robinson, Perdita Rochefoucauld, La _Roman Bourgeois, Le_, Furetière's _Roman Empress_, Joyner's Ronsard Roscommon, Earl of Rossetti, Dante Gabriel Roubillac Rowe, Nicholas _Roxana_, Defoe Roy (Poet) Rutland, Poems of Duke of SACKVILLE, Lord Buckhurst, Thomas Sadler, Thomas Sainte-Beuve Saint-Simon _Sampson Agonista_, Milton's Sandford, Mrs. Savage, Richard Scarron Scott, Sir Walter Scudéry, Mlle.

de Sedley, Sir Charles _Selborne_, White's _The Natural History of_ _Sertorius_, Bancroft's Settle, Elkanah Sevigné, Mme.

de Shadwell, Thomas Shaftesbury's _Enquiry Concerning Virtue_ _Shaving of Shagpat_, George Meredith's _The_ Shelley _Shepheards Hunting_, Wither's _The_ _Shipwreck_, Falconer's _The_ Shirley, James Sidney's _Arcadia_ _Sir Harry Wildair_, Farquhar's Skelton's Contribution to _Mirror for Magistrates_ Smart, Christopher Smollett, Tobias Smythe (_see_ Lord Strangford), George Percy Sydney Solly, Edward _Song to David_, Smart's Sorel, Charles Southerne, Thomas Southey, Robert _Spleen, Ode on the_ Stecchetti, Lorenzo Stone, Nicholas Strangford, Lord Suckling, Sir John _Sugar Cane_, Grainger's _The_ Swift, Dean TEMPLE, Sir William Thackeray, W. M.

_Tom Crib_, Moore's _Tom Jones_, Fielding Tooke, Horne Tradescant, John _Traveller_, Goldsmith's _The_ Trotter's _Fatal Friendship_, Catherine Turner, J. M. W.

Tyers, Thomas _Ultra-crepidarius_, Leigh Hunt's _Usurper_, Howard's VANBRUGH, Sir John Vanbrugh's _Aesop_ Vaugelas Vaughan, Henry Vayer, La Mothe le Verlaine, Paul Verrall, Dr. A.

W.

_View of Christianity_, Soame Jenyns' Voltaire _WAGGONER_, Wordsworth's _The_ _Waggoner, Benjamin the_ Walker, Anthony (Engraver) Walpole, Horace Walton, Izaak Warburton, Bishop Weston's _Amazon Queen_ What Ann Lang Read White, Rev. Gilbert _Wife to be Lett_, Eliza Haywood's _A_ Winchilsea, Anne, Countess of Winstanley, William, Wither, George Wordsworth, William Wordsworth's _Lyrical Ballads_ Wright, Mr. W.

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