English Synonyms and Antonyms — Hatred to High

abhorrence, detestation, hostility, rancor, anger, dislike, ill will, repugnance, animosity, enmity, malevolence, resentment, antipathy, grudge, malice, revenge, aversion, hate, malignity, spite.

_Repugnance_ applies to that which one feels himself summoned or impelled to do or to endure, and from which he instinctively draws back.

_Aversion_ is the turning away of the mind or feelings from some person or thing, or from some course of action, etc. _Hate_, or _hatred_, as applied to persons, is intense and continued _aversion_, usually with disposition to injure; _anger_ is sudden and brief, _hatred_ is lingering and enduring; "Her wrath became a _hate_," TENNYSON _Pelleas and Ettarre_ st. 16. As applied to things, _hatred_ is intense _aversion_, with desire to destroy or remove; _hatred_ of evil is a righteous passion, akin to _abhorrence_, but more vehement.

_Malice_ involves the active intent to injure; in the legal sense, _malice_ is the intent to injure, even tho with no personal _ill will_; as, a highwayman would be said to entertain _malice_ toward the unknown traveler whom he attacks.

_Malice_ is direct, pressing toward a result;

_malignity_ is deep, lingering, and venomous, tho often impotent to act;

_rancor_ (akin to _rancid_) is cherished _malignity_ that has soured and festered and is virulent and implacable.

_Spite_ is petty _malice_ that delights to inflict stinging pain; _grudge_ is deeper than _spite_; it is sinister and bitter; _grudge_, _resentment_, and _revenge_ are all retaliatory, _grudge_ being the disposition, _revenge_ the determination to repay real or supposed offense with injury; _revenge_ may denote also the retaliatory act; _resentment_, the best word of the three, always holds itself to be justifiable, but looks less certainly to action than _grudge_ or _revenge_.

Simple goodness may arouse the _hatred_ of the wicked; they will be moved to _revenge_ only by what they deem an injury or affront.

Compare ABOMINATION; ANGER; ANTIPATHY; ENMITY.

Antonyms: See synonyms for FRIENDSHIP; LOVE.

* * * * * HAVE.

Synonyms: be in possession of, hold, occupy, own, possess.

be possessed of, _Have_ is the most general word, and is applied to whatever belongs to or is connected with one; a man _has_ a head or a head-ache, a fortune or an opinion, a friend or an enemy; he _has_ time, or _has_ need; he may be said to _have_ what is his own, what he has borrowed, what has been entrusted to him, or what he has stolen.

To _possess_ a thing is to _have_ the ownership with control and enjoyment of it.

To _hold_ is to _have_ in one's hand, or securely in one's control; a man _holds_ his friend's coat for a moment, or he _holds_ a struggling horse; he _holds_ a promissory note, or _holds_ an office.

To _own_ is to _have_ the right of property in; to _possess_ is to _have_ that right in actual exercise;

to _occupy_ is to _have_ possession and use, with some degree of permanency, with or without ownership.

A man _occupies_ his own house or a room in a hotel; a man may _own_ a farm of which he is not in possession because a tenant _occupies_ it and is determined to _hold_ it; the proprietor _owns_ the property, but the tenant _is in possession_.

To _be in possession_ differs from _possess_ in that to _possess_ denotes both right and fact, while to _be in possession_ denotes simply the fact with no affirmation as to the right.

To _have_ reason is to be endowed with the faculty; to _be in possession of_ one's reason denotes that the faculty is in actual present exercise.

* * * * * HAZARD.

Synonyms: accident, chance, danger, jeopardy, risk, casualty, contingency, fortuity, peril, venture.

_Hazard_ is the incurring the possibility of loss or harm for the possibility of benefit; _danger_ may have no compensating alternative.

In _hazard_ the possibilities of gain or loss are nearly balanced; in _risk_ the possibility of loss is the chief thought; the foolhardy take great _risks_ in mere wantonness; in _chance_ and _venture_ the hope of good predominates; we speak of a merchant's _venture_, but of an insurance company's _risk_; one may be driven by circumstances to run a _risk_; he freely seeks a _venture_; we speak of the _chance_ of winning, the _hazard_ or _risk_ of losing.

_Accidents_ are incalculable;

_casualties_ may be to a certain extent anticipated; death and wounds are _casualties_ of battle, certain to happen to some, but uncertain as to whom or how many.

A _contingency_ is simply an indeterminable future event, which may or may not be attended with _danger_ or _risk_.

See ACCIDENT; DANGER.

Antonyms: assurance, necessity, protection, safety, surety.

certainty, plan, safeguard, security, * * * * * HEALTHY.

Synonyms: hale, hygienic, sanitary, vigorous, healthful, salubrious, sound, well, hearty, salutary, strong, wholesome.

_Healthy_ is most correctly used to signify possessing or enjoying health or its results; as, a _healthy_ person; a _healthy_ condition.

_Healthful_ signifies promotive of health, tending or adapted to confer, preserve, or promote health; as, a _healthful_ climate.

_Wholesome_ food in a _healthful_ climate makes a _healthy_ man.

With _healthful_ are ranged the words _hygienic_, _salubrious_, _salutary_, _sanitary_, and _wholesome_, while the other words are associated with _healthy_.

_Salubrious_ is always used in the physical sense, and is chiefly applied to air or climate.

_Salutary_ is now chiefly used in the moral sense; as, a _salutary_ lesson.

Antonyms: delicate, failing, ill, unsound, worn, diseased, fainting, sick, wasted, worn down, emaciated, fragile, unhealthy, weak, worn out.

exhausted, frail, * * * * * HELP.

Synonyms: abet, befriend, foster, succor, uphold.

aid, cooperate, second, support, assist, encourage, stand by, sustain, _Help_ expresses greater dependence and deeper need than _aid_.

In extremity we say "God _help_ me!"

rather than "God _aid_ me!"

In time of danger we cry "_help!

help!

_" rather than "_aid!

aid!

_" To _aid_ is to _second_ another's own exertions.

We can speak of _helping_ the helpless, but not of _aiding_ them.

_Help_ includes _aid_, but _aid_ may fall short of the meaning of _help_.

In law to _aid_ or _abet_ makes one a principal.

(Compare synonyms for ACCESSORY.

) To _cooperate_ is to _aid_ as an equal; to _assist_ implies a subordinate and secondary relation.

One _assists_ a fallen friend to rise; he _cooperates_ with him in helping others.

_Encourage_ refers to mental _aid_, as _uphold_ now usually does; _succor_ and _support_, oftenest to material assistance.

We _encourage_ the timid or despondent, _succor_ the endangered, _support_ the weak, _uphold_ those who else might be shaken or cast down.

Compare ABET; PROMOTE.

Antonyms: counteract, discourage, oppose, resist, thwart, withstand.

Prepositions: Help _in_ an enterprise _with_ money; help _to_ success; _against_ the enemy.

* * * * * HERETIC.

Synonyms: dissenter, heresiarch, non-conformist, schismatic.

Etymologically, a _heretic_ is one who takes or chooses his own belief, instead of the belief of his church; hence, a _heretic_ is one who denies commonly accepted views, or who holds opinions contrary to the recognized standard or tenets of any established religious, philosophical, or other system, school, or party; the religious sense of the word is the predominant one; a _schismatic_ is primarily one who produces a split or rent in the church.

A _heretic_ differs in doctrine from the religious body with which he is connected; a _schismatic_ differs in doctrine or practise, or in both.

A _heretic_ may be reticent, or even silent; a _schismatic_ introduces divisions.

A

_heresiarch_ is the author of a heresy or the leader of a heretical party, and is thus at once a _heretic_ and a _schismatic_.

With advancing ideas of religious liberty, the odious sense once attached to these words is largely modified, and _heretic_ is often used playfully.

_Dissenter_ and _non-conformist_ are terms specifically applied to English subjects who hold themselves aloof from the Church of England;

the former term is extended to non-adherents of the established church in some other countries, as Russia.

* * * * * HETEROGENEOUS.

Synonyms: confused, mingled, unhomogeneous, conglomerate, miscellaneous, unlike, discordant, mixed, variant, dissimilar, non-homogeneous, various.

Substances quite _unlike_ are _heterogeneous_ as regards each other.

A

_heterogeneous_ mixture is one whose constituents are not only unlike in kind, but unevenly distributed; cement is composed of substances such as lime, sand, and clay, which are _heterogeneous_ as regards each other, but the cement is said to be homogeneous if the different constituents are evenly mixed throughout, so that any one portion of the mixture is exactly like any other.

A substance may fail of being homogeneous and yet not be _heterogeneous_, in which case it is said to be _non-homogeneous_ or _unhomogeneous_; a bar of iron that contains flaws, air-bubbles, etc. , or for any other reason is not of uniform structure and density throughout, tho no foreign substance be mixed with the iron, is said to be _non-homogeneous_.

A _miscellaneous_ mixture may or may not be _heterogeneous_; if the objects are alike in kind, but different in size, form, quality, use, etc. , and without special order or relation, the collection is _miscellaneous_; if the objects differ in kind, such a mixture is also, and more strictly, _heterogeneous_; a pile of unassorted lumber is _miscellaneous_; the contents of a school-boy's pocket are commonly _miscellaneous_ and might usually be termed _heterogeneous_ as well.

See COMPLEX.

Antonyms: alike, homogeneous, identical, like, pure, same, similar, uniform.

* * * * * HIDE.

Synonyms: bury, cover, entomb, overwhelm, suppress, cloak, disguise, inter, screen, veil.

conceal, dissemble, mask, secrete.

_Hide_ is the general term, including all the rest, signifying to put out of sight or beyond ready observation or approach; a thing may be _hidden_ by intention, by accident, or by the imperfection of the faculties of the one from whom it is _hidden_; in their games, children _hide_ the slipper, or _hide_ themselves from each other; a man unconsciously _hides_ a picture from another by standing before it, or _hides_ a thing from himself by laying something else over it.

Even an unconscious object may _hide_ another; as, a cloud _hides_ the sun, or a building _hides_ some part of the prospect by intervening between it and the observer's position.

As an act of persons, to _conceal_ is always intentional; one may _hide_ his face in anger, grief, or abstraction; he _conceals_ his face when he fears recognition.

A house is _hidden_ by foliage; the bird's nest is artfully _concealed_.

_Secrete_ is a stronger word than _conceal_, and is used chiefly of such material objects as may be separated from the person, or from their ordinary surroundings, and put in unlooked-for places; a man _conceals_ a scar on his face, but does not _secrete_ it; a thief _secretes_ stolen goods;

an officer may also be said to _secrete_ himself to watch the thief.

A

thing is _covered_ by putting something over or around it, whether by accident or design; it is _screened_ by putting something before it, always with some purpose of protection from observation, inconvenience, attack, censure, etc. In the figurative use, a person may _hide_ honorable feelings; he _conceals_ an evil or hostile intent.

Anything which is effectually _covered_ and _hidden_ under any mass or accumulation is _buried_.

Money is _buried_ in the ground; a body is _buried_ in the sea; a paper is _buried_ under other documents.

Whatever is _buried_ is _hidden_ or _concealed_; but there are many ways of _hiding_ or _concealing_ a thing without _burying_ it.

So a person may be _covered_ with wraps, and not _buried_ under them.

_Bury_ may be used of any object, _entomb_ and _inter_ only of a dead body.

Figuratively, one may be said to be _buried_ in business, in study, etc. Compare IMMERSE; PALLIATE.

Antonyms: admit, disclose, exhume, manifest, show, advertise, discover, expose, promulgate, tell, avow, disinter, lay bare, publish, uncover, betray, divulge, lay open, raise, unmask, confess, exhibit, make known, reveal, unveil.

* * * * * HIGH.

Synonyms: elevated, exalted, noble, steep, towering, eminent, lofty, proud, tall, uplifted.

_Deep_, while an antonym of _high_ in usage, may apply to the very same distance simply measured in an opposite direction, _high_ applying to vertical distance measured from below upward, and _deep_ to vertical distance measured from above downward; as, a _deep_ valley nestling between _high_ mountains.

_High_ is a relative term signifying greatly raised above any object, base, or surface, in comparison with what is usual, or with some standard; a table is _high_ if it exceeds thirty inches; a hill is not _high_ at a hundred feet.

That is _tall_ whose height is greatly in excess of its breadth or diameter, and whose actual height is great for an object of its kind; as, a _tall_ tree; a _tall_ man; _tall_ grass.

That is _lofty_ which is imposing or majestic in height; we term a spire _tall_ with reference to its altitude, or _lofty_ with reference to its majestic appearance.

That is _elevated_ which is raised somewhat above its surroundings; that is _eminent_ which is far above them; as, an _elevated_ platform; an _eminent_ promontory.

In the figurative sense, _elevated_ is less than _eminent_, and this less than _exalted_; we speak of _high_, _lofty_, or _elevated_ thoughts, aims, etc. , in the good sense, but sometimes of _high_ feelings, looks, words, etc. , in the invidious sense of haughty or arrogant.

A _high_ ambition may be merely selfish; a _lofty_ ambition is worthy and _noble_.

_Towering_, in the literal sense compares with _lofty_ and majestic; but in the figurative sense, its use is almost always invidious; as, a _towering_ passion; a _towering_ ambition disregards and crushes all opposing considerations, however rational, lovely, or holy.

Compare STEEP.

Antonyms: base, degraded, dwarfed, inferior, low, mean, short, stunted.

deep, depressed, * * * * * HINDER.

Synonyms: