English Synonyms and Antonyms — Appendage to Artist

Synonyms: accessory, addition, appurtenance, concomitant, accompaniment, adjunct, attachment, extension, addendum, appendix, auxiliary, supplement.

An _adjunct_ (something joined to) constitutes no real part of the thing or system to which it is joined, tho perhaps a valuable _addition_; an _appendage_ is commonly a real, tho not an essential or necessary part of that with which it is connected; an _appurtenance_ belongs subordinately to something by which it is employed, especially as an instrument to accomplish some purpose.

A horse's tail is at once an ornamental _appendage_ and a useful _appurtenance_; we could not call it an _adjunct_, tho we might use that word of his iron shoes.

An _attachment_ in machinery is some mechanism that can be brought into optional connection with the principal movement; a hemmer is a valuable _attachment_ of a sewing-machine.

An _extension_, as of a railroad or of a franchise, carries out further something already existing.

We add an _appendix_ to a book, to contain names, dates, lists, etc. , which would encumber the text; we add a _supplement_ to supply omissions, as, for instance, to bring it up to date.

An _appendix_ may be called an _addendum_; but _addendum_ may be used of a brief note, which would not be dignified by the name of _appendix_; such notes are often grouped as _addenda_.

An _addition_ might be matter interwoven in the body of the work, an index, plates, editorial notes, etc. , which might be valuable _additions_, but not within the meaning of _appendix_ or _supplement_.

Compare ACCESSORY; AUXILIARY.

Antonyms: main body, original, total, whole.

Prepositions: That which is thought of as added we call an appendage _to_; that which is looked upon as an integral part is called an appendage _of_.

* * * * * APPETITE.

Synonyms: appetency, impulse, lust, propensity, craving, inclination, passion, relish, desire, liking, proclivity, thirst, disposition, longing, proneness, zest.

_Appetite_ is used only of the demands of the physical system, unless otherwise expressly stated, as when we say an _appetite_ for knowledge;

_passion_ includes all excitable impulses of our nature, as anger, fear, love, hatred, etc. _Appetite_ is thus more animal than _passion_; and when we speak of _passions_ and _appetites_ as conjoined or contrasted, we think of the _appetites_ as wholly physical and of the _passions_ as, in part at least, mental or spiritual.

We say an _appetite_ for food, a _passion_ for fame.

Compare DESIRE.

Antonyms: antipathy, disgust, distaste, indifference, repugnance, aversion, dislike, hatred, loathing, repulsion.

detestation, disrelish, Compare ANTIPATHY.

Preposition: He had an insatiable appetite _for_ the marvellous.

* * * * * APPORTION.

Synonyms: allot, appropriate, deal, distribute, grant, appoint, assign, dispense, divide, share.

To _allot_ or _assign_ may be to make an arbitrary division; the same is true of _distribute_ or _divide_.

That which is _apportioned_ is given by some fixed rule, which is meant to be uniform and fair; as, representatives are _apportioned_ among the States according to population.

To _dispense_ is to give out freely; as, the sun _dispenses_ light and heat.

A thing is _appropriated_ to or for a specific purpose (to which it thus becomes _proper_, in the original sense of being its own); money _appropriated_ by Congress for one purpose can not be expended for any other.

One may _apportion_ what he only holds in trust;

he _shares_ what is his own.

Compare ALLOT.

Antonyms: cling to, consolidate, gather together, receive, collect, divide arbitrarily, keep together, retain.

Prepositions: Apportion _to_ each a fair amount; apportion the property _among_ the heirs, _between_ two claimants; apportion _according to_ numbers, etc. * * * * * APPROXIMATION.

Synonyms: approach, likeness, neighborhood, resemblance, contiguity, nearness, propinquity, similarity.

In mathematics, _approximation_ is not guesswork, not looseness, and not error.

The process of _approximation_ is as exact and correct at every point as that by which an absolute result is secured; the result only fails of exactness because of some inherent difficulty in the problem.

The attempt to "square the circle" gives only an _approximate_ result, because of the impossibility of expressing the circumference in terms of the radius.

But the limits of error on either side are known, and the _approximation_ has practical value.

Outside of mathematics, the correct use of _approximation_ (and the kindred words _approximate_ and _approximately_) is to express as near an approach to accuracy and certainty as the conditions of human thought or action in any given case make possible.

_Resemblance_ and _similarity_ may be but superficial and apparent; _approximation_ is real.

_Approach_ is a relative term, indicating that one has come nearer than before, tho the distance may yet be considerable; an _approximation_ brings one really near.

_Nearness_, _neighborhood_, and _propinquity_ are commonly used of place; _approximation_, of mathematical calculations and abstract reasoning; we speak of _approach_ to the shore, _nearness_ to the town, _approximation_ to the truth.

Antonyms: difference, distance, error, remoteness, unlikeness, variation.

Prepositions: The approximation _of_ the vegetable _to_ the animal type.

* * * * * ARMS.

Synonyms: accouterments, armor, harness, mail, weapons.

_Arms_ are implements of attack; _armor_ is a defensive covering.

The knight put on his _armor_; he grasped his _arms_.

With the disuse of defensive _armor_ the word has practically gone out of military use, but it is still employed in the navy, where the distinction is clearly preserved; any vessel provided with cannon is an _armed_ vessel; an _armored_ ship is an ironclad.

Anything that can be wielded in fight may become a _weapon_, as a pitchfork or a paving-stone; _arms_ are especially made and designed for conflict.

* * * * * ARMY.

Synonyms: armament, forces, military, soldiers, array, host, multitude, soldiery, force, legions, phalanx, troops.

An _army_ is an organized body of men armed for war, ordinarily considerable in numbers, always independent in organization so far as not to be a constituent part of any other command.

Organization, unity, and independence, rather than numbers are the essentials of an _army_.

We speak of the invading _army_ of Cortes or Pizarro, tho either body was contemptible in numbers from a modern military standpoint.

We may have a little _army_, a large _army_, or a vast _army_.

_Host_ is used for any vast and orderly assemblage; as, the stars are called the heavenly _host_.

_Multitude_ expresses number without order or organization; a _multitude_ of armed men is not an _army_, but a mob.

_Legion_ (from the Latin) and _phalanx_ (from the Greek) are applied by a kind of poetic license to modern _forces_; the plural _legions_ is preferred to the singular.

_Military_ is a general word for land-_forces_; the _military_ may include all the armed _soldiery_ of a nation, or the term may be applied to any small detached company, as at a fort, in distinction from civilians.

Any organized body of men by whom the law or will of a people is executed is a _force_; the word is a usual term for the police of any locality.

* * * * * ARRAIGN.

Synonyms: accuse, charge, impeach, prosecute, censure, cite, indict, summon.

_Arraign_ is an official word; a person accused of crime is _arraigned_ when he is formally called into court, the indictment read to him, and the demand made of him to plead guilty or not guilty; in more extended use, to _arraign_ is to call in question for fault in any formal, public, or official way.

One may _charge_ another with any fault, great or trifling, privately or publicly, formally or informally.

_Accuse_ is stronger than _charge_, suggesting more of the formal and criminal; a person may _charge_ a friend with unkindness or neglect; he may _accuse_ a tramp of stealing.

_Censure_ carries the idea of fault, but not of crime; it may be private and individual, or public and official.

A judge, a president, or other officer of high rank may be _impeached_ before the appropriate tribunal for high crimes; the veracity of a witness may be _impeached_ by damaging evidence.

A person of the highest character may be _summoned_ as defendant in a civil suit; or he may be _cited_ to answer as administrator, etc. _Indict_ and _arraign_ apply strictly to criminal proceedings, and only an alleged criminal is _indicted_ or _arraigned_.

One is _indicted_ by the grand jury, and _arraigned_ before the appropriate court.

Antonyms: acquit, discharge, exonerate, overlook, release, condone, excuse, forgive, pardon, set free.

Prepositions: Arraign _at_ the bar, _before_ the tribunal, _of_ or _for_ a crime; _on_ or _upon_ an indictment.

* * * * * ARRAY.

Synonyms: army, collection, line of battle, parade, arrangement, disposition, order, show, battle array, exhibition, order of battle, sight.

The phrase _battle array_ or _array of battle_ is archaic and poetic; we now say in _line_ or _order of battle_.

The _parade_ is for _exhibition_ and oversight, and partial rehearsal of military manual and maneuvers.

_Array_ refers to a continuous _arrangement_ of men, so that all may be seen or reviewed at once.

This is practically impossible with the vast _armies_ of our day.

We say rather the _disposition_ of troops, which expresses their location so as to sustain and support, though unable to see or readily communicate with each other.

Compare DRESS.

* * * * * ARREST.

Synonyms: apprehend, detain, restrain, stop, capture, hold, secure, take into custody, catch, make prisoner, seize, take prisoner.

The legal term _arrest_ carries always the implication of a legal offense; this is true even of _arresting_ for debt.

But one may be _detained_ by process of law when no offense is alleged against him, as in the case of a witness who is _held_ in a house of detention till a case comes to trial.

One may be _restrained_ of his liberty without arrest, as in an insane asylum; an individual or corporation may be _restrained_ by injunction from selling certain property.

In case of an arrest, an officer may _secure_ his prisoner by fetters, by a locked door, or other means effectually to prevent escape.

_Capture_ is commonly used of seizure by armed force; as, to _capture_ a ship, a fort, etc. Compare HINDER; OBSTRUCT.

Antonyms: discharge, dismiss, free, liberate, release, set free.

Prepositions: Arrested _for_ crime, _on_ suspicion, _by_ the sheriff; _on_, _upon_, or _by virtue of_ a warrant; _on_ final process; _in_ execution.

* * * * * ARTIFICE.

Synonyms: art, craft, finesse, invention, stratagem, blind, cunning, fraud, machination, subterfuge, cheat, device, guile, maneuver, trick, contrivance, dodge, imposture, ruse, wile.

A _contrivance_ or _device_ may be either good or bad.

A _cheat_ is a mean advantage in a bargain; a _fraud_, any form of covert robbery or injury.

_Imposture_ is a deceitful _contrivance_ for securing charity, credit, or consideration.

A _stratagem_ or _maneuver_ may be of the good against the bad, as it were a skilful movement of war.

A _wile_ is usually but not necessarily evil.

E'en children followed with endearing _wile_.

GOLDSMITH _Deserted Village_, l. 184. A _trick_ is often low, injurious, and malicious; we say a mean _trick_;

the word is sometimes used playfully with less than its full meaning.

A

_ruse_ or a _blind_ may be quite innocent and harmless.

An _artifice_ is a carefully and delicately prepared _contrivance_ for doing indirectly what one could not well do directly.

A _device_ is something studied out for promoting an end, as in a mechanism; the word is used of indirect action, often, but not necessarily directed to an evil, selfish, or injurious end.

_Finesse_ is especially subtle _contrivance_, delicate _artifice_, whether for good or evil.

Compare FRAUD.

Antonyms: artlessness, frankness, ingenuousness, openness, sincerity, candor, guilelessness, innocence, simplicity, truth.

fairness, honesty, * * * * * ARTIST.

Synonyms: artificer, artisan, mechanic, operative, workman.

_Artist_, _artificer_ and _artisan_ are all from the root of _art_, but _artist_ holds to the esthetic sense, while _artificer_ and _artisan_ follow the mechanical or industrial sense of the word (see ART under SCIENCE).

_Artist_ thus comes only into accidental association with the other words of this group, not being a synonym of any one of them and having practically no synonym of its own.

The work of the _artist_ is creative; that of the _artisan_ mechanical.

The man who paints a beautiful picture is an _artist_; the man who makes pin-heads all day is an _artisan_.

The _artificer_ is between the two, putting more thought, intelligence, and taste into his work than the _artisan_, but less of the idealizing, creative power than the _artist_.

The sculptor, shaping his model in clay, is _artificer_, as well as _artist_; patient _artisans_, working simply by rule and scale, chisel and polish the stone.

The man who constructs anything by mere routine and rule is a _mechanic_.

The man whose work involves thought, skill, and constructive power is an _artificer_.

The hod-carrier is a _laborer_; the bricklayer is a _mechanic_; the master mason is an _artificer_.

Those who operate machinery nearly self-acting are _operatives_.

* * * * * ASK.